Student learning outcomes refer to the specific skills, knowledge, and abilities that students are expected to demonstrate by the end of a course, program, or academic experience. This research area focuses on identifying, defining, and assessing these outcomes in order to evaluate the effectiveness of educational initiatives and interventions. By studying student learning outcomes, researchers can gain insights into the impact of teaching and learning practices on student performance, as well as the effectiveness of different instructional approaches in promoting student success and achievement. This research area can involve a variety of methodologies, including surveys, assessments, and qualitative analyses, to measure and evaluate student learning outcomes in different educational settings and contexts.